Nomad Blacksmithing 3: Khitans and Mongol Empire

This is the third part in our series discussing Eurasian steppe nomads and blacksmithing, which covers as well society, economy and even cities in the eastern Eurasian steppes. In the previous two parts, I gave an overview of general trends and evidence for nomadic metal production, and then looked at some specific sites covering from the Xiongnu to the early Turkic states. In this final part of the trilogy, our story starts in the 10th century with the Khitan ruled Liao Dynasty, and then to the Mongol Empire of Chinggis Khan, where we see some of our most dramatic developments yet. Part 1: Overview of Nomadic Blacksmithing: https://youtu.be/BBQuVBSVfyY Part 2: from the Xiongnu to the Türks: https://youtu.be/j5ubVPebzQ8 00:34 Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin Periods (ninth-twelfth centuries) 04:19 Khitans and Cast Iron 06:59 Mineral Coal in Mongolia 09:31 Mongol Empire 11:32 Avarga (first capital of Chinggis Khan) 13:00 Irons Bars 15:09 Chinqai Balasghun 16:09 Qaraqorum, capital of the Mongol World Empire 20:25 Culture Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lLOBWh1lRINBGlAuedyR5xQEWVolRmCgsvg0GMZw10s/edit DONATIONS: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/jackmeister Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/thejackmeister?locale.x=en_US Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheJackmeister/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/the_jackmeister_mongol_history/ IMAGE CREDITS: "Aerial photographic image of the Palace City, (2009)." Site of Xanadu, UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1389/gallery/ "Bituminous Coal." Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bituminous_Coal.JPG MUSIC ATTRIBUTES: The other music is provided by Epidemic Sound. http://www.epidemicsound.com